Ball grid array connection monitoring system and method

ABSTRACT

A system for monitoring the connection on an integrated circuit ball grid array (BGA) comprises a connection indicator circuit coupled to at least one monitor pin of the BGA and configured to detect a pin connection failure of the BGA based on a signal change associated with the at least one monitor pin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ball grid arrays (BGAs) disposed on integrated circuits (e.g., especially used on high pin count application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)) comprise beads of solder between two generally circular pads for attaching the integrated circuit to a printed circuit board (PCB). However, flexing and/or other stresses imposed on the PCB can cause the soldered ball joints to crack, thereby causing various pins of the integrated circuit to become detached or otherwise loosened from the PCB. In order to reduce the failures associated with cracked solder ball joints, corner balls are replaced with dummy balls that are not used by the integrated circuit. Thus, if the corner dummy balls become cracked, loosened, or are otherwise damaged, performance of the integrated circuit is not compromised. However, damage is not necessarily limited to the corner solder ball joints. For example, although a cracked solder ball joint may initially occur at the corner of the BGA, the cracking condition tends to propagate inward toward the center of the BGA, thereby compromising non-dummy solder ball locations of the integrated circuit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the objects and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a ball grid array connection monitoring system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a ball grid array connection monitoring system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of yet another embodiment of a ball grid array connection monitoring system in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a diagram of yet another embodiment of a ball grid array connection monitoring system in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments of the present invention and the advantages thereof are best understood by referring to FIGS. 1-4 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a ball grid array (BGA) connection monitoring system 10 in accordance with the present invention. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, monitoring system 10 is used to monitor the electrical connection of three integrated circuits 12, 14 and 16 disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB) 11 to detect a connection failure or impending connection failure of a solder joint between one of integrated circuits 12, 14 and 16 with PCB 11 (failure meaning a loss of connection or intermittent loss of connection between at least a portion of integrated circuit 12, 14, or 16 with the PCB 11 due to cracking or other damage to one or more solder ball joints). It should be understood that monitoring system 10 may be used to monitor a greater or fewer number of integrated circuits disposed on PCB 11. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, integrated circuits 12, 14 and 16 comprise application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) 13, 15 and 17. However, it should be understood that other types of integrated circuits 12, 14, and 16 may be monitored using system 10.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, ASIC 13 comprises a BGA 18 comprising solder monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and 20 d disposed on each corner C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively, of ASIC 13. Although embodiments of the present invention illustrate a single monitor pin 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and 20 d disposed at each corner C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively, it should be understood that 1) a greater number of monitor pins may be used at each corner C1, C2, C3, and C4, 2) monitoring pins may be used at other non-corner locations of ASIC 13, and/or 3) one or more corners C1, C2, C3 or C4 may have no monitoring pins. Similarly, ASIC 15 and ASIC 17 comprise BGA 22 and 24, respectively, with monitor pins 20 a-20 d disposed on each corner C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, monitor pins 20 a and 20 b for each respective ASIC 13, 15 and 17 are connected together via a conductive path 26, and monitor pins 20 c and 20 d of each respective ASIC 13, 15 and 17 are connected together via a conductive path 28; however, it should be understood that conductive paths 26 and 28 may extend between any two monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, or 20 d. For example, monitor pin 20 a and 20 d may be connected together via a conductive path, and monitor pins 20 b and 20 c may be connected together via a conductive path. Preferably, conductive paths between monitor pins 20 are disposed directly on each ASIC 13, 15 and 17; however, it should be understood that conductive paths between monitor pins 20 may be otherwise located (e.g., disposed directly on a PCB 11 to connect the respective monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and 20 d). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, conductive paths 26 and 28 corresponding to each respective ASIC 13, 15 and 17 are connected together via respective conductive paths 30. Additionally, conductive path 28 on ASIC 13 is connected to conductive path 26 on ASIC 15, and conductive path 28 on ASIC 15 is connected to conductive path 26 on ASIC 17, via conductive paths 32. Although conductive paths 30 and 32 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as being external to ASICs 13, 15 and 17 (e.g., disposed directly on PCB 11), it should be understood that conductive paths 30 and/or 32 may be otherwise located (e.g., disposed directly on each ASIC 13, 15 and/or 17). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, conductive paths 26, 28, 30 and 32 connect monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, and 20 d for each ASIC 13, 15 and 17 in series, thereby forming a continuous conductive path 33 (e.g., formed by paths 26, 28, 30 and 32) through each monitor pin 20 a-20 d on respective ASICs 13, 15, and 17.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, system 10 further comprises a connection indicator circuit 34 comprising a pull-up resistor R1 connected to a power rail 38 and a latch 40. Latch 40 is configured to change its output state based on the input signal received from monitor pins 20 a-20 d. An output system 42 is communicatively coupled to latch 40 for generating and/or otherwise sending a signal indicative of a pin connection failure. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, output system 42 comprises an external computer device 46 usable during production/testing and/or otherwise so that a board designer/manufacturer is notified of a pin connection failure. Output system 42 may also comprise an onboard system (e.g., disposed on and/or otherwise forming part of PCB 11). Computer device 46 may also comprise the computer in which PCB 11 is installed, thereby providing a visual or other type of indication of a system failure. Output system 42 may also be configured to set a flag in a flash memory of PCB 11 to facilitate logging and tracking of pin connection failures.

In operation, conductive path 33 is grounded at monitor pin 20 b of ASIC 13. Thus, if any monitor pin 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and/or 20 d of ASIC 13, 15 or 17 fails, or in the event of impending failure (e.g., the connection becomes intermittent), current will be prevented from flowing along path 33 (e.g., the circuit will open). Accordingly, the signal will be pulled up via pull-up resistor R1 causing latch 40 to change its output state, thereby indicating that a pin connection failure has occurred. Output from latch 40 is sent to computer device 46 for providing notification of the pin connection failure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a BGA connection monitoring system 10 in accordance with the present invention corresponding to integrated circuits 12, 14 and 16. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, connection monitoring system 10 comprises conductive paths 26 and 28 associated with ASICs 13, 15 and 17 connecting monitor pins 20 a to monitor pins 20 b, and connecting monitor pins 20 c to monitor pins 20 d, respectively. Connection indicator circuit 34 comprises pull-up resistors R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 connected to respective conductive paths 26 and 28, and latch 40 connected to each respective conductive path 26 and 28. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, each conductive path 26 and 28 is coupled separately to connection indicator module 34 and is individually grounded at respective monitor pins 20 b and 20 d. In operation, if any of monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c or 20 d develops a crack or otherwise fails, current across a respective path 26 and/or 28 will stop flowing, thereby causing the signal to be pulled up via a respective pull-up resistors R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 or R7 and causing a change in the output state of latch 40. For example, in the event that monitor pin 20 b on ASIC 15 develops a crack, the cracked solder joint will cause an open circuit and preventing current flow. Accordingly, the signal will be pulled up via pull-up resistor R4, thereby changing the state of latch 40 to indicate that a failure has occurred in either monitor pin 20 a and/or 20 b of ASIC 15. System 42 receives output generated by latch 40 to provide a notification of the connector pin failure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating yet another embodiment of BGA connection monitoring system 10 in accordance with the present invention corresponding to integrated circuit 12. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, monitoring system 10 is disposed directly on ASIC 13; however, it should be understood that monitoring system 10 may also be disposed on ASIC 15 and/or 17. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, ASIC 13 comprises BGA 18, monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and 20 d disposed on corners C1, C2, C3 and C4, internal pull-up resistors R8, R9, R10 and R11 coupled to respective monitor pins 20 a-20 d, and a latch 40. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, each monitor pin 20 a-20 d is grounded to PCB 11 and coupled to respective internal pull-up resistors R8, R9, R10 and R11. In operation, if a particular monitor pin 20 a, 20 b, 20 c or 20 d fails, the circuit will open and the signal will be pulled up via a respective pull-up resistor R8, R9, R10 or R11, thereby changing the output state of latch 40 to indicate that a failure has occurred at the specific corner C1, C2, C3 or C4 where the respective monitor pin 20 a-20 d is disposed. Thus, embodiments of the present invention enable monitoring each of monitor pins 20 a, 20 b, 20 c and 20 d independently. Output system 42 receives the signal from latch 40 to indicate a failure of the particular monitor pin(s) 20 a-20 d.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of yet another embodiment of BGA connection monitoring system 10 in accordance with the present invention corresponding to integrated circuit 12. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, ASIC 13 comprises monitor pins 20 a-20 d disposed at respective corners C1-C4. Each monitor pin 20 a-20 d is grounded internally via ASIC 13. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, monitoring system 10 comprises connection indicator circuit 34 comprising pull-up resistors R12, R13, R14 and R15 connected to a power rail 38, latch 40 and respective monitor pins 20 a-20 d. In operation, if a particular monitor pin 20 a-20 d fails, the circuit will open and the signal will be pulled up via a respective pull-up resistor R12, R13, R14 or R15, thereby changing the output state of latch 40 to indicate that a failure has occurred at the specific corner C1, C2, C3 or C4 corresponding to the particular monitor pin 20 a-20 d. Output system 42 receives a signal from latch 40 to indicate a failure of the particular monitor pins 20 a-20 d.

Thus, embodiments of the present invention enable the solder joints of a BGA to be monitored during manufacturing/testing, during field use and/or otherwise to detect whether a cracked solder joint exists on a particular BGA. In the embodiments described above, monitoring system 10 is configured such that an increase in voltage is used to indicate a connection failure (e.g., pulled up to a particular voltage level by a pull-up resistor). However, it should be understood that the connection loss may be otherwise determined (e.g., by a decrease in voltage level or otherwise). 

1. A system for monitoring the connection on an integrated circuit ball grid array (BGA), comprising: a printed circuit board having an integrated circuit coupled thereto via the BGA, the printed circuit board comprising a connection indicator circuit, the connection indicator circuit coupled to at least one monitor pin of the BGA by an electrical line and to detect a pin connection failure of the BGA by detecting a signal change on the electrical line associated with the at least one monitor pin.
 2. The system of claim 1, where the connection indicator circuit is connected to detect the signal change on the electrical line without applying a stimulus signal to the at least one monitor pin.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one monitor pin comprises at least two monitor pins connected along the electrical line, and wherein the connection indicator circuit is configured to identify a pin connection failure in response to a break in current flow in the electrical line.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the connection indicator circuit is configured to detect a pin connection failure based on voltage increase associated with a conductive path corresponding to the at least one monitor pin.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the connection indicator circuit comprises a latch configured to output a signal indicative of a pin connection failure.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one monitor pin is coupled to a ground; and where the connection indicator circuit comprises a latch including an input line connected to the electrical line and connected to a voltage source through a pull-up resistor, where the latch generates an output signal that indicates the signal change on the electrical line caused by a break in the electrical line.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one monitor pin is coupled to a ground.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one monitor pin is coupled to a ground within an integrated circuit of the BGA.
 9. A system for monitoring the connection on an integrated circuit ball grid array (BGA), comprising: a connection indicator circuit coupled to at least one grounded monitor pin via an electrical line and configured to detect a pin connection failure of the BGA in response to a signal change that occurs on the electrical line.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one grounded monitor pin is disposed on a corner of the BGA.
 11. A system for monitoring the connection of a ball grid array (BGA) of an integrated circuit, comprising: a connection indicator circuit coupled to at least two monitor pins, the at least two monitor pins disposed on different corners of the BGA, the at least two monitor pins electrically connected to each other via a conductive path, the connection indicator circuit configured to detect a pin connection failure of the BGA based on a signal change associated with at least one of the at least two monitor pins.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the connection indicator circuit is disposed in the integrated circuit.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the conductive path is disposed in the integrated circuit.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the at least two monitor pins is coupled directly to a ground. 